Aboba, B. (1993). The online user's encyclopedia: Bulletin boards and beyond. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.

Allen, B.S., & Otto, R.G. (1996). Media as lived environments: The ecological psychology of educational technology. In D.H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (pp. 199-225). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.

Anglin, G. (Ed.). (1991). Instructional technology: Past, present, and future. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited.

Anson, R.J. (Ed.). (1994). Systemic reform: Perspectives on personalizing education. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. (ISBN 0-16-045326-7). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Apple Computer. (1995). Changing the conversation about teaching, learning, and technology: a report on 10 years of ACOT research [On-line document]. Available: http://www.research.apple.com/go/acot/ACOTResearch.html

Bailey, M. (1997, October 27). Distance education design and delivery [Interactive class conference on the World Wide Web]. Available: http://coe.cedu.niu/edu/~bailey/leit535/index.htm

Baker, E.L., & O'Neil, H.F., Jr. (1994). Technology assessment in education and training. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37 (2), 122-147.

Bereiter, C. (1994). Implications of postmodernism for science, or, science as progressive discourse. Educational Psychologist , 29 (1), 3-12.

Bereiter, C., & Scardamalia, M. (1989). Intentional learning as a goal of instruction. In L.B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction, Essays in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 361-392). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Berge, Z. (1997). Computer conferencing and the on-line classroom. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 3 (1), 3-21.

Bohm, D. (1990). On dialogue. Ojai, California: David Bohm Seminars.

Brandt, D.S. (1997). Constructivism: Teaching for understanding of the Internet. Communications of the ACM, 40 (10), 112-117.

Brown, A. L. (1994). The advancement of learning. Educational Researcher 23 (8), 4-12.

Brown, A.L., & Campione, J.C. (in press). Psychological theory and the design of innovative learning environments: On procedures, principles, and systems. In L. Schauble & R. Glaser (Eds.),Contributions of instructional innovation to understanding learning, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Brown, A.L., & Palincsar, A.S. (1989). Guided, cooperative learning and individual knowledge acquisition. In L.B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction, Essays in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 393-451). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Brown, J.S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18 (1), 32-42.

Burns, R. (1998, August 20). [No subject given.] For Your Information: Ideas on Using Information Technology in K-12 Schools [On-line serial]. Available: LISTSERV@OCMVM.CNYRIC.ORG

Bushe, G.R. (in press). Advances in appreciative inquiry as an organization development intervention. Organization Development Journal.

Carlson, R.O. (1970). The adoption of educational innovations. In M.W. Miles, & W.W. Charters, Jr. (Eds.), Learning in social settings (pp. 672-689). Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.

Child, D. (1973). The essentials of factor analysis. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

Chinowsky, P.S., & Goodman, R.E. (1997). The World Wide Web in engineering team projects. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 3 (2/3), 149-162.

Chism, N. (1998). Handbook for instructors on the use of electronic class discussion. Ohio State University: Office of Faculty and TA Development.

Clancey, W.J. (1993). Guidon-Manage revisited: A socio-technical systems approach. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 4 (1), 5-34.

Clark, R.E. (1983). Reconsidering research on learning from media. Review of Educational Research, 53 (4), 445-460.

Clark, R.E. (1994). Media will never influence learning. ETR&D, 42 (2), 21-29.

Clark, R.E., & Salomon, G. (1985). Media in teaching. In M.C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching, pp. 464-478. (3rd Edition.) New York: Macmillan.

Collins, A., Brown, J.S., & Newman, S.E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics. In L.B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction, Essays in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 453-494). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Collis, B., Andernach, T., & VanDiepen, N. (1997). Web environments for group-based project work in higher education. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 3 (2/3), pp. 109-130.

Cooperrider, D.L., & Srivastva, S. (1987). Appreciative inquiry in organizational life. In R. Woodman & W. Pasmore (Eds.), Research in organizational change and development: Volume 1 (pp. 129-169). Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press.

Crook, C. (1994a). Computers and the collaborative experience of learning. London: Routledge.

Crook, C. (1994b). Computer networking and collaborative learning within a departmentally focused undergraduate course. In H.C. Foot, C.J. Howe, A. Anderson, A.K. Tolmie, & D.A. Warden (Eds.), Group and Interactive Learning. Southampton, United Kingdom: Computational Mechanics Publications.

CSS Internet News. (1997, August 26). Internet survey reaches 19.5 million. Internet host level growth trend now appears linear [Online excerpt from news service]. Available: e-mail jwalker@tor.hookup.net with SUBINFO CSSINEWS in the subject line.

CSS Internet News. (1997, November 19). Internet changes college studies [Online excerpt from news service]. Available: e-mail jwalker@tor.hookup.net with SUBINFO CSSINEWS in the subject line.

Cuban, L., Goldman, S., Swink, E., Soloway, E., Johnston, J., Gomez, L., & Lentvorsky, F. (1997, March). Sustainability and large scale school technology projects. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois.

David, J.L. (1994). Realizing the promise of technology: The need for systemic reform. In R.J. Anson (Ed.), Systemic reform: Perspectives on personalizing education (pp. 137-154). U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Deming, W.E. (1994)The New Economics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Advanced Educational Services.

Driscoll, M. (1994). Psychology of Learning for Instruction. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.

Edelson, D.C., Pea, R.D., & Gomez, L. (1996a). Constructivism in the collaboratory. In B.G. Wilson (Ed.), Constructivist learning environments: Case studies in instructional design,. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

Edelson, D.C., Pea, R.D., & Gomez, L. (1996b). The Collaboratory Notebook. Communications of the ACM, 39 (4), 32-33.

EETNET. (1997). Welcome to the Excellence and Equity through Technology Home Page [On-line]. Available: http://www.esc20.k12.tx.us/techserv/eetnet/default.html

Egan, G. (1985). Change agent skills in helping and human service settings. Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

Elmore, R.F. (1996). Getting to scale with good educational practice. Harvard Educational Review, 66 (1), 1-26.

Engestrom, Y. (1996). Interobjectivity, ideality, and dialectics. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 3 (4), 259-265.

Engst, A.C. (1996). Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh. (4th Edition). Indianapolis: Hayden Books.

Everson, S.T. (1997). Developing organizational learning in schools [On-line]. Available: http://www.mcrel.org/products/noteworthy/susane.html

Falk, J. (1995). The meaning of the Web. AusWeb97 [On-line]. Available: http://www.scu.edu.au/ausweb95/papers/sociology/falk/

Farquhar, J.D., & Surry, D.W. (1994). Adoption analysis: An additional tool for instructional developers. Education and Training Technology International, 31 (1), 19-25.

Feltovich. P.J., Spiro, R.J., Coulson, R.L., & Feltovich. J. (1996). Collaboration within and among minds: Mastering complexity, individually and in groups. In T. Koschmann (Ed.), CSCL: Theory and Practice of an Emerging Paradigm (pp. 25-44). Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Fischer, G. (1995). Distributed cognition, learning webs, and domain-oriented design environments. [On-line.] Available: http://www-cscl95.indiana.edu/cscl95/fischer.html [October 30, 1997].

Fishman, B.J. (1997, March). Student traits and the use of computer-mediated communication tools: What matters and why? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois.

Fishman, B., Linn, M., Harasim, L., Hoadley, C., Hsi, S., Levin, J., Pea, R., & Scardamalia, M. (1997, March). Collaboration, communication, and computers: What do we think we know about networks and learning? Symposium conducted at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois.

Frazier, G.G., & Frazier, D. (1994). Telecommunications and education: Surfing and the art of change. A Technology Leadership Network Special Report from the Institute for the Transfer of Technology to Education of the National School Boards Association. (ISBN: 0-88364-187-9).

Fullan, M.G. (1996, February). Turning systemic thinking on its head. Phi Delta Kappan, 420-423.

Gross, N., Giacquinta, J. B., & Bernstein, M. (1970). Failure to implement a major organizational innovation. In M.W. Miles, & W.W. Charters, Jr. (Eds.), Learning in social settings (pp. 691-705). Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.

Hafner, K., & Lyon, M. (1996). Where wizards stay up late: The origins of the Internet. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Hall, G.E., & Hord, S.M. (1987). Change in schools: Facilitating the Process. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.

Hanson, N., & Gladfelter, J. (1995). Teaching graduate-level seminars using electronic mail: Creative distance education. DEOSNEWS [On-line serial], 5 (1). Available: DEOSNEWS@psuvm.psu.edu

Havelock, R., & Zlotolow, S. (1996, February). Who's on first, what's on second: Change process and the roles we play. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Herrmann, F. (1995). Listserver communication: The discourse of community-building. Indianapolis: Proceedings of the CSCL'95 Conference [On-line]. Available: http://www-cscl95.indiana.edu/cscl95/herrmann.html

Hewitt, J., Scardamalia, M., & Webb, J. (1997, March). Situative design issues for interactive learning environments: The problem of group coherence. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois.

Hodas, S. (1993, September 14). Technology refusal and the organizational culture of schools. Education Policy Analysis Archives [On-line serial], 1 (10). Available: http://olam.edu/asu.edu/epaa.v1n10.html [

Honey, M., & Henriquez, A. (1993). Telecommunications and K-12 educators: Findings from a national survey. New York : Center for Technology in Education.

Horton, W. (1994). How we communicate: A grand unified theory of communication with heuristics for designers. Boulder, Colorado: William Horton Consulting.

Isaacs, W.N. (1996, January-February). The process and potential of dialogue in social change. Educational Technology, 20-30.

Jenlink, P., & Carr, A.A. (1996, January-February). Conversation as a medium for change in education. Educational Technology, 31-38.

Jonassen, D.H., & Murphy, M. (1998, February). Activity theory as a framework for designing constructivist learning environments. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, St. Louis, Missouri.

Khan, B.H. (1997). Web-Based Instruction. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications.

Koschmann, T.D., Myers, A.C., Feltovich, P.J., & Barrows, H.S. (1994). Using technology to assist in realizing effective learning and instruction: A principled approach to the use of computers in collaborative learning. The Journal of the Learning Sciences , 3 (3), 227-264.

Koschmann, T.D. (1996). CSCL: Theory and practice of an emerging paradigm. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kozma, R.B. (1991). Learning with media. Review of educational research, 61 (2), 179-211.

Kozma, R.B. (1994). Will media influence learning? Reframing the debate. ETR&D, 42 (2), 7-19.

Krathwohl, D.R. (1993). Methods of educational and social science research. White Plains, New York: Longman Publishing Group.

Krueger, R.A. (1994). Focus Groups, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lawyer-Brook, D., & Sherry, L. (1995). Creating Connections: Rural teachers and the Internet. Interim report for the Annenberg/CPB Initiative II. Denver, Colorado: RMC Research Corporation.

Lawyer-Brook, D., & Sherry, L. (1997). Boulder Valley Internet Project: Final report . Denver, Colorado: RMC Research Corporation.

Leont'ev, A.N. (1981). The problem of activity in psychology. In J.V. Wertsch (Ed.), The Concept of activity in Soviet Psychology (pp 37-71). Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Levin, S. (1995). Teachers using technology: Barriers and breakthroughs. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications 1 (1), 53-70.

Lewis, J.H, & Romiszowski, A. (1996). Networking and the learning organization: Networking issues and scenarios for the 21st Century. Journal of Instructional Science and Technology [On-line serial], 1 (4). Available: http://www.usq.au/electpub/ejist/vol1no4/abstrac4.htm#Abstractlewis

Lieberman, A. (1996, November). Creating intentional learning communities. Educational Leadership, 51-55.

Linn, M. (1996). Key to the information highway. Communications of the ACM, 39 (4), 34-35.

Martinez, J., Billig, S., Sherry, L., & Hoffman, D. (1997). The WEB Project: Interim report. Denver, Colorado: RMC Research Corporation.

Mason, R. (1991). Moderating educational computer conferencing. DEOSNEWS [On-line serial], 1 (19). Available: DEOSNEWS@psuvm.psu.edu

Merkley, D.J., Bozik, M., & Oakland, K. (1997). Investigating support for teachers using distance learning in education: A case study. DEOSNEWS [On-line serial], 7 (11). Available: DEOSNEWS@psuvm.psu.edu

Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformational Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Miles, M.B., & Charters, W.W., Jr. (1970). Learning in social settings. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.

Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Mink, O., Esterhuysen, P., Mink, B., & Owen, K. (1993). Change at work. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Montgomerie, T.C., & Harapnuik, D. (1997). Observations on Web-based course development and delivery. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 3 (2/3), 181-204.

Morison, E. (1984). Gunfire at sea: Conflict over a new technology. In R. Westrum, & K. Samaha (Eds.), Complex organizations: Growth, struggle, and change (pp. 131-143). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Morrison, D., & Goldberg, B. (1996). New actors, new connections: The role of local information infrastructures in school reform. In T.D. Koschmann (Ed.), CSCL: Theory and practice of an emerging paradigm (pp. 125-145). Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Newman, D., Goldman, S.V., Brienne, D., Jackson, I., & Magzamen, S. (1989). Computer mediation of collaborative science investigations. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 5 (2), 151-166.

Newton, H. (1996). Newton's telecom dictionary. (10th Edition.) New York: Flatiron Publishing, Inc.

Norman, D.A. (1993). Things that make us smart. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.

Park, I., & Hannafin, M.J. (1993). Empirically-based guidelines for the design of interactive multimedia. ETR&D, 41 (3), 63-85.

Patton, M.Q. 1990. Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications.

Paulsen, M.F. (1998). The online teaching system. DEOSNEWS [On-line serial], 8 (7). Available: DEOSNEWS@psuvm.psu.edu

Pea, R.D. (1993). Learning scientific concepts through material and social activities: Conversational analysis meets conceptual change. Educational Psychologist, 28 (3), 265-277.

Pea, R.D. (1994). Seeing what we build together: Distributed multimedia learning environments for transformative communications. The Journal of the Learning Sciences , 13 (3), 285-299.

Peled, Z., Peled, E., & Alexander, G. (1994). An ecological approach for information technology intervention, evaluation, and software adoption policies. In E.L. Baker, & H.F. O Neil, Jr. (Eds.), Technology assessment in education and training (pp. 35-61). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Pelton, L., & Pelton, T.W. (1996). Building attitudes: How a technology course affects preservice teachers' attitudes about technology [On-line]. Available: http:// www.coe.uh.edu/insite/elec_pub/html1996/04math.htm#pelton

Pintrich, P.R., & Schunk, D.H. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Richey, R.C., and W. Nelson. (1996). Developmental research. In D. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook for Research in Educational Communications and Technology (pp. 1213-1245). NY: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.

Rogers, E.M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations. (4th Edition). New York: The Free Press.

Rogers, S.M., & Wells, T. (1997). Computer-mediated communications: Alternative environments for learning. DEOSNEWS [On-line serial], 7 (6). Available: DEOSNEWS@psuvm.psu.edu

Romiszowski, A.J. (1988). The selection and use of instructional media. New York: Nichols Publishing.

Ryder, M., & Wilson, B. (1996, February). Affordances and constraints of the Internet for learning and instruction. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Saettler, P. (1990). The evolution of American educational technology. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited.

Savery, J.R., and Duffy, T.M. (1995). Problem based learning: An instructional model and its constructivist framework. Educational Technology, 35 (5), 31-38.

Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1994). Computer support for knowledge-building communities. The Journal of the Learning Sciences , 13(3), 265-283.

Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1996, November). Engaging students in a knowledge society. Educational Leadership, 6-10.

Schein, E.H. (1995). Kurt Lewin's change theory in the field and in the classroom: Notes toward a model of managed learning [On-line]. Available: http://learning.mit.edu/res/wp/10006.html

Schein, E.H. (1996a). Organizational learning: What is new? [On-line]. Available: http://learning.mit.edu/res/wp/10012.html

Schein, E.H. (1996b). Three cultures of management: The key to organizational learning in the 21st Century [On-line]. Available: http://learning.mit.edu/res/wp/10011.html

Schon, D.A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Seels, B.B., & Richey, R.C. (1994). Instructional technology: The definition and domains of the field. Washington, D.C.: Association for Educational Communications and Technology.

Senge, P. (1990). The Fifth Discipline. New York: Doubleday.

Sherry, L. (1995). TSS E-mail survey results. Technology and Special Services Newsletter [On-line]. Available: http://www.cudenver.edu/public/education/sherry/pubs/survey_results.html

Sherry, L. (1997a, September). The Boulder Valley Internet Project: Lessons learned. T.H.E. Journal, 68-72.

Sherry, L. (1997b). A case for converging lines of inquiry in needs assessment and evaluation [On-line]. Available: http://www.cudenver.edu/public/education/sherry/rem/epist.html

Sherry, L. (1997c). A re-analysis of the 1995 TSS e-mail survey [On-line]. Available: http://www.cudenver.edu/public/education/sherry/95survey.html

Sherry, L. (1998). An integrated technology adoption and diffusion model. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications.

Sherry, L., Lawyer-Brook, D., & Black, L. (1997). Evaluation of the Boulder Valley Internet Project: A theory-based approach to evaluation design. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 8 (2), 199-233.

Sherry, L., Myers, & K.M. (1998). The dynamics of collaborative design. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 41 (2), 123-139.

Sherry, L. & the UCD Internet Task Force. (1996). Supporting a networked community of learners. TechTrends , 1 (4), 28-32.

Sherry, L., & Wilson, B. (1996). Supporting human performance across disciplines: A converging of roles and tools. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 9 (4), 19-36.

Shneiderman, B. (1992). Designing the user interface: Strategies for effective human-computer interaction. (2nd Edition.) Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.

Shoemaker, P.B.G. (1997, March-April). Virtual classrooms: Thoughts of an historian caught in the Web. CSS Journal [On-line serial], 5 (2). Available: http://www.webcom.com/journal/shoemak2.html

Shore, A. (1997, February). Technology Implementation Planning. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Soloway, E., & Wallace, R. (1997). Does the Internet support student inquiry? Don't ask. Communications of the ACM, 40 (5), 11-16.

Spielberger, C.D, & Starr, L.M. (1994). Curiosity and exploratory behavior. In H.F O Neil, Jr., & M. Drillings (Eds.), Motivation: Theory and research. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Spiro, R.J., Coulson, R.L., Feltovich, P.J., & Anderson, D.K. (1988). Cognitive flexibility theory: Advanced knowledge acquisition in ill-structured domains. In Proceedings of the 10th annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 375-383). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Spiro, R.J., Feltovich, P.J., Jacobson, M., & Coulson, R.L. (1991a). Cognitive flexibility, constructivism, and hypertext: Advanced knowledge acquisition in ill-structured domains. Educational Technology, 31 (5), 24-33.

Spiro, R.J., Feltovich, P.J., Jacobson, M., & Coulson, R.L. (1991b). Knowledge representation, content specification, and the development of skill in situation-specific knowledge assembly: Some constructivist issues as they relate to cognitive flexibility theory and hypertext. Educational Technology, 31 (9), 22-25.

Steigelbauer, S.M. (1994). Change has changed: Implications for implementation of assessments from the organizational change literature. In R.J. Anson (Ed.), Systemic reform: Perspectives on personalizing education (pp. 25-46). U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Stockdill, S.H., & Morehouse, D.L. (1992). Critical factors in the successful adoption of technology: A checklist based on TDC findings. Educational Technology, 32 (1), 57-8.

Suchman, L. (1987). Plans and situated actions: The problem of human/machine communication. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Surry, J.D., & Farquhar, D.W. (1996). Incorporating social factors into instructional design theory. In M. Bailey, & M. Jones (Eds.), Work, education, and technology, pp. 6.1-6.8. DeKalb, Illinois: LEPS Press.

Surry, J.D, & Farquhar, D.W. (1997, February). Diffusion theory and instructional technology. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Teasley, U.H. (1996, February). Factors affecting teachers decisions about use and non-use of computers: Administrative actions. Paper presented at the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Tikhomirov, O.K. (1981). The psychological consequences of computerization. In J.V. Wertsch (Ed.), The Concept of activity in Soviet psychology (pp. 256-278). Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Trentin, G. (1996). Internet: Does it really bring added value to education? International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 3 (3), 97-106.

Turkle, S., & Papert, S. (1991). Epistemological pluralism and the revaluation of the concrete. In I. Harel, & S. Papert (Eds.), Constructionism. (pp. 161-190). Norwood, New Jersay: Ablex.

Ullmer, E.J. (1994). Media and learning: Are there two kinds of truth? ETR&D, 42 (1), 21-32.

U.S. Department of Education. (1996). Advanced telecommunications in U.S. public elementary and secondary schools, 1995. (FRSS 57, NCES 96-854). Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Wells, G. (1996). Using the tool-kit of discourse in the activity of learning and teaching. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 3 (2), 74-101.

Wilson, B., Lowry, M., Koneman, P., & Osman-Jouchoux, R. (1994). Electronic discussion groups: Using e-mail as an instructional strategy in a graduate seminar [On-line]. Available: http://www.cudenver.edu/public/education/edschool/email.html

Wilson, B., Ryder, M., McCahan, J., & Sherry, L. (1996). Cultural assimilation of the Internet: A case study. In M. Simonson (Ed.), Proceedings of selected research and development presentations. Washington DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology.

Wolcott, H.F. (1990). Writing up qualitative research. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications.

Wolcott, J.R., & Robertson, J.E. (1997). The World Wide Web as an environment for collaborative research: An experiment in graduate education. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 3 (2/3), 237-260.

Wolf, K., & Black, L. (1993). The Boulder Valley Internet Project first annual progress report: 1992-1993. Available from Elizabeth Black, BVSD, Box 9011, Boulder, CO 80301.

Yakimovicz, A.D., & Murphy, K.L. (1995). Constructivism and collaboration on the Internet: Case study of a graduate class experience. Computers in Education, 24 (3), 203-209.

Yin, R.K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods, Second edition. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

Yocam, K. (1998). Teacher-centered staff development [On-line document]. Available: http://www.apple.com/education/k12/staffdev/tchrcenterstaff.html